Level 1: Foundations · L1.4 Back-of-the-envelope estimation & numbers to know
From DAU to QPS
Convert users and actions into average and peak requests per second.
12 min · Free
What you take away
- The chain is always the same: DAU × actions per day = requests per day ÷ 86,400 = average QPS.
- Round 86,400 to 100,000 — you land within 16%, which is well inside the precision of the inputs.
- Size for peak, not average: a peak factor of 2–3× is typical, and event-driven traffic is far spikier.
- Split reads from writes before choosing anything: the ratio decides caches, replicas and shards.
How the class is laid out
- The problem
- The simple version
- The chain
- Check your understanding